What are the major security challenges facing India, both domestically and internationally, and how does the government address them?
07.06.2025 09:26
Essentially, the factors that caused Robert Clive to win the Battle of Plassey in 1757 not only persist but seem to have intensified. We are technologically deficient, and our leadership today is even more afraid and unsure than Siraj-Ud-Daulah of that period.
Within India, there are several security vulnerabilities, the foremost being the easily manipulated Indian mind. Indians, by nature, are a people without any convictions. And we all have a victim mindset that's a result of centuries of oppression and slavery. As such we get easily excited over the smallest of provocations and over the most trivial issues. This makes us mentally weak and vulnerable to sudden impulses, brought about by our own dislike of something/ someone or through provocation by an external influence.
Now, how would such a person behave when it comes to a life and death situation and the moment of truth? We have seen glimpses of the reality over the years- the chloroquine incident with Trump, the Manipur issue, the lying sociopathic behaviour. It's not looking good, frankly.
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Also, we Indians are divided. And a household divided is a household defeated. Indians differ in culture, language, religion, food, behaviour, intellect amongst several other characteristics. And historically, the rulers of India, have used these differences to keep the Indian populous divided and fighting amongst ourselves, to ensure their hold on the rule. And it still continues today.
I mean, who in the world gives a shit whether Hindi is the national language of India. But these guys were acting as if the whole universe revolves around the issue. Wasteful, regressive and stupid. Just like the Indian mindset.
India, IMO, has never been a very secure nation despite its massive military and huge resources availability. Although the sheer size of the Indian army has always instilled cautionary fear in the western governments.
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The separatist movements have started gaining ground since 2019. As before, the Khalistani and Kashmir movements are slowly intensifying with the Khalistani separatists reviving their stronghold of Canada which had been the mainstay of the Khalistani movement even 60 years back. In 1985, Air India Flight 182 flying from Canada was blown up by a bomb while in Irish airspace, killing 329 people, including 280 Canadian citizens, mostly of Indian birth or descent, and 22 Indians.The incident was the deadliest act of air terrorism before 9/11, and the first bombing of a Boeing 747 which would set a pattern for future air terrorism plots.
As the power of China started growing in the 90s, the West saw India as an effective potential countermeasure to contain the growing Chinese influence and strike a balance of power in the Asian Pacific. As a result, the separatist movements were suspended and the Western nations started pumping money and technology in India, with the aim of industrializing it at par with the Chinese.
In addition there's the extraordinary advancement in AI & Robotics that China has achieved. China has already dominated the global drone market.
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And it's such unorthodox weapons technology that poses grave external security challenges to India. There are several. DEWs, Biological agents, Chemicals agents and of course, the radiological and nuclear weapons. India is not prepared for a strike from any of these technologies.
India is also looking at a rise in food prices as Wheat stocks have depleted and there's a food shortage expected due to poor procurement planning by the GoI. Also, a major internal challenge that threatens India's security is perhaps the pollution. Toxic Air, Irradiated water and Adulterated & heavy metal infested food is a major problem in India today.
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The GoI is setting up a rosy picture about India's military capabilities by propagating accolades for “indigenous” defense manufacturing. And some of that does seem appreciable. I mean BRAHMOS is definitely a lethal missile and is a commendable achievement. And we are setting up weapons & ammunition manufacturing plants in India. So it's pretty natural to feel all warm & comfortable in this blanket of security.
With the present governance in India at its weakest ever, the administrative systems erected by the British (which were already in a pathetic state) have begun to fall apart. The latest examples are the NEET controversy and the fire in the forests of Almora in Uttarakhand, and the handling of both by the GoI. The Government of India has given a compensation of Rs. 1000 (One Thousand Rupees) to a government official who died in this forest fire that continues to rage.
It's even worse today. We are technologically behind and our leadership even weaker. There's an incident thats recorded and available in the police records of Gujarat. This is when Modi had become the CM of Gujarat for the first time. One night when he was at the CM residence, there was a sudden explosion. Modi ran out wearing whatever he had on and started shouting for the driver to get the car and calling his security. Everybody came rushing out and Modi asked the driver to quickly drive towards Ahmedabad.
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India has no place in the world of the future. And it's removal from the same, in line with the Malthusian thought, shall be solely because of its people and their leaders.
The External Challenges
Be advised that this is a very very long answer. But the question deserves a proper reply that has to be expansive. Take caution that this is just my opinion. It would be prudent to do your own research and derive your own conclusions.
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The crash occurred within an hour of the fatal Narita Airport Bombing which also originated from Canada without the passenger for the bag that exploded on the ground. Evidence from the explosions, witnesses and wiretaps of militants pointed to an attempt to actually blow up two airliners simultaneously by members of the Babbar Khalsa Khalistan movement militant group based in Canada to punish India for attacking the Golden Temple.
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So. The internal challenges to security of the Indian nation are the inferior & regressive Indian mindset, the divided Indian people, the slow but steady revival of the separatist movements, a crumbling administration, pollution and an apathetic & weak leadership at the centre.
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In November 2020, Jin Canrong, Deputy Dean of the School of International Relations at the Renmin University of China, claimed on a TV program that PLA soldiers had used directed energy weapons (laser weapons) against Indian soldiers during the skirmishes at the Ladakh border. He had said the Chinese military “made innovative use of high-power microwave weapons” to attack Indian soldiers in control of the higher positions at Pangong Tso.
Narendra Modis appointment as the Prime Minister of India was the last ditch effort by the US to convince it's investors to keep putting their money in India. It had now been a quarter of a century of no holds barred Western support to India in all respects with not much to show for the parties involved. But by 2019, it was clear that Modi had deviated from the ascertained plan and started off in his own “Hindutva” movement resulting in polarization of the Indian populous. The investors started withdrawing from India and Western companies started pulling out because of a hostile business environment. The West gave up on India as they accepted that the Indians were unproeucy, untrustworthy and too unreliable for their purposes with no hopes of improvement, and started focusing on Australia and the South East as a counter to China, leading to formation of AUKUS and QUAD 2.0.
A while back, I wrote an answer about why India was colonized inspite of us being a wealthy nation at that time. And I described the Battle of Plassey that Robert Clive won and Siraj-Ud-Daulah lost despite having 20x the manpower and equal weapons technology. I indicated that Clive won that battle because of weak leadership on the Indian side.
However, there's devil in the details, as they say. We never really got to know what exactly happened in the Ladakh clash with the Chinese in 2020, now did we? The whole thing got lost in the patriotic noise just like the Abhinandan case. We never got the answers even then about how the PAF managed to shoot down our plane and what has the GoI done to prevent recurrence. Was it a planning failure or a tech deficiency or pilot error? We don't know.
It's the same thing in biological warfare agents. Countries like China, USA, Russia have an advanced bioweapons program. They also have long established chemical weapons manufacturing factories. India has neither. What good would our guns, missiles and aircraft carriers be if there's not enough qualified personnel to operate them? 😕
However, The Indian Ministry of Defense in its year-end review published for 2020 has mentioned the use of “unorthodox weapons” by the People’s Liberation Army along the LAC, where the two militaries were locked in a standoff.
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The dynamics of the world are changing. And in this new world, the technology of warfare is very different. Whatever the GoI is doing is too little and too late. And they are hiding this fact from the Indian people by flooding us with propaganda.
As his car rushed out, the whole police establishment of the state was in a frenzy. After some time, the senior police officials caught up with him and after several requests got him to stop the car. They asked him what was wrong and where was he rushing off to. Modi refused to step out of the car and informed them that there had been a bomb attack on the CMs residence. There was immediate panic and investigation was done at the CMs residence.
You can read it here-
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This mindset has been exploited by powers outside India to keep the country destabilised for most of the time since 1947. Till about the 90s to be exact. Between that period, the Indian government was facing several separatist movements simultaneously within the country.
Suffice it to say that the Western separatist front is coming back stronger than ever. The Naxal movement, though, is waning as the Chinese have stopped their involvement in the same since the beginning of the 21st century. China has, instead, taken shape as an external threat as we shall see later. Similarly, the separatist movement in the South is no longer existing as it did in the 20th century. However, there is strong discontent being created in the “Dravidian” movement in the South. For now, it's academic and there is not so much violent physical impacts. But this is a disaster in the making with steady support being received from outside India towards creation of a new separatist movement, and the reactive mindset of the Indian people.
The terror attacks from Pakistan are also increasing in the Jammu & Kashmir region. And this time, the terrorists are targeting both military and civilian personnel and establishments, indicating an increase in intensity as well.
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Recently, I was involved in a debate here on Quora where I mentioned that Hindi was the national language of India. My point being that since it's the language spoken and used by the majority of Indians, it is logical to say that Hindi is India's national language. There was a huge outcry from the people of the South, about this. And some were really angry, as if it was some sacred thing crucial to existence and survival. The whole thing was ludicrous and silly.
“Indian Army has maintained all protocols and agreements between the two countries while the PLA escalated the situation by utilization of unorthodox weapons and amassing a large number of troops,” reads the document. Although it doesn't elaborate on what type of “unorthodox weapons” were used, the circumstantial evidence does indicate the use of DEWs. The IDR released by the Indian defense ministry has pretty much confirmed it. China had made its microwave weapon Poly WB-1 public in 2014 during an air show. The US already had its DEW called ADS (Active Denial System) deployed in the Afghanistan war but it never saw active duty.
The external security challenges for India are insurmountable. We are the 4th largest military in the world, so we ain't a pushover. But we ain't that secure either as we lack technology and strong leadership. I’ll first talk about our technology deficiency.
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The Internal Threats
There was the Azad Kashmir and Khalistani movements in the West executed by Pakistan and funded by Saudi Arabia. The Naxalism throughout the Eastern belt from the North East to down South called the Red Corridor, promoted and funded by China. And the Tamil separatist movement in the South executed by the LTTE with the funding coming from Singapore. But all these were conceived and masterminded by the Western nations - the USA & UK.
So. Obviously, we are technologically deficient in modern warfare compared to hostile nations. Take note that India has no “friendly” nations in its corner. We just have sellers who will sell us weapons.
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And China is a very close ally of Pakistan. That we are so far behind technologically in weapons tech behind our no. 1 enemy's benefactor, poses a clear and present danger to the national security of India.
It turned out that there was a highway behind the CM residence. The explosion sound came from bursting of the tyre of a truck that was passing by. Even after being informed of this, Modi refused to go back till the highway was blocked and traffic restricted. He is our PM today with a centralised decision making structure…much like a monarchy.
Now, Unitree, a Chinese robotics company has showcased dystopian machine gun carrying robot dogs or “robodogs”, indicating massive enhancements in Chinese military capabilities.
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Indian soldiers had on August 29 captured strategically-important heights in the Chushul sector, which provide a view to Spanggur Gap and the Chinese garrison at Moldo. The professor said China recaptured the heights after turning the hilltops into a “microwave oven”. He said 15 minutes after the weapons were deployed, those occupying the hilltops all began to vomit. However, the Indian Army had termed these claims as baseless and fake news. “Media articles on the employment of microwave weapons in Eastern Ladakh are baseless. The news is FAKE,” a tweet from the Indian Army had said.
Anyways, coming back to the Ladakh episode, India and China had been locked in a border stand-off in the Eastern Ladakh region for an extended period since May 2020. As many as 20 Indian soldiers were killed in a violent clash with the Chinese troops in the Galwan Valley on June 15. The Indian defense ministry’s review claimed that “Chinese also suffered significant casualties”.
However, India was proving to be very unpredictable and unreliable. The Indians were impulsive, non commital and without integrity. The greed was overwhelming, the apathy shocking and the attitudes were archaic. Moreover, the promise of the “Indian potential” was proving to be all talk and no action as the Western industrialists were finding out the hard way with throughput inefficiencies and poor product quality eroding the advantage of low dollar price of labor. The Indians were incredibly selfish and shockingly, placed personal ulterior motives over the well being of the nation.